Methacrylate monomers were synthesized in four steps based on methacrylic acid and substituted phenols have been prepared in the present investigation. In the first step, 4-(ω-hydroxy alkoxy) benzoic acid with ω=2 and 6 were synthesized with the reaction of 4-hydroxy benzoic acid (PHB) and ω-chloro alkanol. The products were refluxed with methacrylic acid for 20 h to obtain the products of the type 4-(ω-methacryloyloxy alkoxy) benzoic acid. The products were chlorinated with thionyl chloride to obtain 4-(ω-methacryloyloxy alkoxy) benzoyl chloride. Finally, the chlorinated products were reacted with 4-methoxy and 4-hexyloxy phenols in dry benzene with triethylamine as catalyst at 0-5°C in nitrogen atmosphere for 3 h to obtain the methacrylate monomers. These monomers have been polymerized by free-radical polymerization technique at 50-60°C. The viscosity-average molecular weight (MV) of the synthesized polymers was calculated by Mark-Houwink’s equation with K and a values 3.87 x 10-3 dL/g and 0.42, respectively. Finally, the phase transitions and the transition enthalpies of polymers from the dynamic scans by differential scanning calorimetric analysis (DSC) gave an inference about the presence of nematic-isotropic and smectic-isotropic transitions in polymers. These liquid crystalline orders were further confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis.

The graft copolymerization of acrylic acid-methyl methacrylate (AA-MMA) onto poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres has been studied using benzoyl peroxide (Bz2O2) as an initiator. The use of MMA as a comonomer increased the amount of AA introduced to the PET fibre up to 60% while the grafting of AA onto fibres alone gave low graft yields. This synergistic effect was found to be at its highest when an AA-MMA mixture having 30% AA (wt) was used. The grafting increased the diameter and moisture regain of the fibres. The results of dyeability with the disperse dye suggested that the diffusion into the fibre structure was moderately difficult when the graft yield reached 15-16%. The decomposition temperature values obtained from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the thermal stability of poly (ethylene terephthalate) fibres decreased as a result of grafting.

This investigation attempts to elucidate the copolymerization reaction ethylene and allylbenzene via the homogeneous metallocene catalyst, Et (Ind)2ZrCl2 and (nBuCp)2ZrCl2. The pendant benzyl groups of ethylene-allylbenzene copolymer (EAB) are potentially ready for numerous chemical reactions, such as halogenation and acylation, which can introduce functional groups at the side benzyl groups under mild reaction condition. In this study, polyethylene-g-poly (methyl methacrylate) and polyethylene-g-atactic polystyrene were synthesized by a heterogeneous atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using a-phenyl-chloroacetyl chloride modified poly(ethylene-co-allylbenzene) (PCAEAB) as macroinitiator and copper chloride combined with 2,2′-bipyridine as catalyst in a heterogeneous process. The macroinitiator with 0.78 mol% chlorine content was prepared from Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction of ethylene-allylbenzene copolymer (1.0 mol% allylbenzene content) with a-phenylchloroacetyl chloride in a heterogeneous process. The structure of resultant polymers was determined by 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopies. In addition, the thermal properties of polymers were also investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Morphology of resultant polymers was investigated by SEM.

In this research, by spin coating, a layer of conductive poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) synthesized via in situ polymerization of 3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene (EDOT) was coated on poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrate. The effect of different factors such as time and temperature of curing, speed of spin coating on the structural, electrical and mechanical properties of coated layer were characterized by FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, conductive measurements and tape test. Theresults revealed that a surface with good conductivity (61.38 kW) and excellent transparency with an excellent adhesion was obtained which can be useful for anti-static application. Also these data show that the resistance of the prepared coating is less than 108W and since the decrease of polymer electrical resistance to108 W or less, can reduce the accumulation of static electricity on the surface of the polymer, therefore, this coating has the ability to reduce accumulation of static electricity.

Poly (methyl methacrylate-co-butyl acrylate) /tetrabutylphosphonium modified montmorillonite (P (MMA-co-BA) /P-MMT) composite films were prepared by simple solution casting technique. P (MMA-co-BA) was synthesized through solution polymerization in the presence of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator. After modification via cation exchange reaction by tetrabutylphosphonium bromide, the organoclay was dispersed in toluene and added into P (MMA-co-BA) solution. The well-dispersed mixture was cast by doctor blade technique to obtain the composite films. The P-MMT content in the composites was varied (i.e., 1, 2, 3 and 6 wt%) in order to study its effects on thermal stability, mechanical properties and UV shielding ability. The structure of P-MMT in the composites was investigated by XRD technique. The composites containing 1 and 2 wt% of P-MMT showed the d001 peak slightly shifted to lower 2q, indicating mainly intercalated structure occurred with some agglomerations of particles. The intercalated structure of P (MMA-co-BA) /P-MMT 2% composites was observed by TEM technique. The TGA results showed that degradation of the composites occurred at higher temperatures compared to that of their virgin polymer and the degradation point increased with P-MMT content. Tensile strength and Young's modulus of composites were higher than those of their original copolymer. By addition of 1-3 wt% of P-MMT, it could be seen that the higher the P-MMT loading, the higher would be the tensile strength and Young's modulus. The P (MMA-co-BA) /P-MMT composite films showed their screening ability in UV region, especially in the UV-B range, which is rather higher than that in the visible region.

Tissue engineering benefits from electrospun scaffolds, particularly as drug carriers and reconstructive materials for orthopedic implants, as well as many other uses obtaining a large number of publications in a short period in the region through the production of complex scaffolds, the development of new nanotechnology processes, and improvement of imaging methods. Labeling these materials has become critical to achieving accurate and satisfactory results. This is an excellent method for mimicking the extracellular matrix of bone using biodegradable and biocompatible polymers for bone restoration. In this project, electrospinning of a PMMA: PVA scaffold is used. These composite fibers had a clear and continuous shape when examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and their components were identified using (FTIR). Experiments revealed that this characterization of significant effects in the electrospinning method for biomedical applications plays an important role in producing implant coating materials for bone reconstruction.

Polymer blends from Poly Acrylonitrile/Poly Methyl Methacrylate (PAN/PMMA) with different blend ratios (80/20,75/25,70/30,65/35, and 60/40) wt% undoped and doped with various lithium (Li) salts (LiCO3, Li2SO4H2O, and LiCl) at 20 wt %. Different techniques were employed to investigate the composition and optical properties of the prepared blend samples undoped and doped with Lithium salts like FT-IR and UV-Visible spectroscopies. The optical properties analysis declared that the energy gap increased from (4.0 eV to 4.20 eV) by increasing of PMMA ratio from 20 to 40 wt %. In contrast, the energy gap reduced and shifted toward the low energy side by adding lithium salts; the minimum energy gap value was 2 eV obtained from 65 % PAN and 35 % PMMA doped with Li2CO3. The optical constants were determined and plotted as a function of wavelength in the range (of 100-1100) nm. The general results showed that the optical constants (n, εr, and εi) for undoped blends increased with the PMMA ratio from 20 to 35 wt%. In contrast, all-optical constants were grown with the addition of lithium salts.